百名最环保人士名单出炉 大洋新闻2006年11月29日来源：广州日报作者： 　　本报综合报道 为了庆祝建署10周年，英国环境署近日邀请专家评出了全世界有史以来的100位环保英雄，英国查尔斯王储、美国前副总统戈尔、非洲环境部长旺加里·马塔伊、挪威前首相格罗·哈莱姆·布伦特兰夫人以及达尔文、圣雄甘地都榜上有名。 　　100名生态卫士的名单28日发表在英国环境署下属的《你的环境》杂志上。名 列第一位的是美国科学家蕾切尔·卡尔逊，1962年她所撰写的《寂静的春天》一书被认为是开启了现代环境保护运动。此外，伦敦市长肯·利文斯通名列第25位。被称为绿色州长的加州州长施瓦辛格名列第29位。 　　有趣的是，并不是所有的入选者都来自现实世界。BBC电视台喜剧《美好生活》中的两个剧中人物“汤姆”和“芭芭拉”并列第91位，而圣诞老人则排名第100位，理由是他在全球快递过程中没有排放二氧化碳，亲身实践了环保行动。以下是入选前十名的环保英雄： 　　1 　　蕾切尔·卡尔逊 　　“现代绿色运动的守护神” 　　集作家、科学家和生态学家于一身的蕾切尔·卡尔逊被看作是现代绿色运动的守护神，而奠定她这一地位的是1962年她所发表的《寂静的春天》。书中以充满激情和启示的语言记录了杀虫剂滥用所带来的危害。曾有评论称，她“寂静中的呐喊”叫醒了还沉醉在技术崇拜中的人们，开启了美国直至其后世界范围内的环保革命。 　　1932年，蕾切尔·卡尔逊从约翰·霍普金斯大学获得了动物学硕士学位。两本记录海洋的书《环绕我们的海洋》和《海的边缘》令她一举成名，成为有名的自然学家和科学作家。1964年，在跟乳腺癌搏斗了多年之后，卡尔逊离开了人世。 　　2 　　E·F·舒马赫 　　“可持续发展的先知” 　　英国经济学家舒马赫（1911年~1977年）被尊称为“可持续发展的先知”。上世纪60年代，舒马赫开始反对发展核技术，反对在农业中使用化肥、农药等化学制品。他是最早批评将经济发展作为国家进步标志的经济学家之一。1973年，他发表《小即是美》一书，预见了资本主义的困局，从经济学角度质疑西方经济学目标是否值得追逐的目标。这本书令他赢得了国际声誉。 　　3 　　乔纳森·波里特 　　英国政府顾问 　　上世纪70年代，乔纳森·波里特是英国绿党的活跃分子（当时的绿党叫生态党），后来成为绿党的主席。1984年，他出任欧洲最大的环保团体之一“地球之友” 　　的领导人。2001年，英国首相布莱尔任命他为“可持续发展委员会”主席。2005年，他呼吁布莱尔将英国内阁大臣动员起来一起对抗温室气体排放问题。 　　4 　　大卫·艾丁勃格 　　自然电视节目主持人 　　年过80岁的大卫·艾丁勃格是世界知名的自然电视节目主持人。在为BBC制作自然题材节目的50多年间，他唤起了公众对自然科学的关注。他所撰写的《地球上的生命》一书迄今已卖出四百多万册。2001年，他参与制作的纵览海洋世界的《蓝色星球》，在世界各地广受欢迎。今年，美国《读者文摘》的一项民意测验显示，他被评为最受公众信赖的英国名人。 　　5 　　詹姆斯·洛夫洛克 　　“盖娅学说”的提出者 　　英国科学家詹姆斯·洛夫洛克在上世纪70年代提出了轰动科学界的“盖娅学说”。其主要观点为地球是一个超级有机体，拥有一个自我调节系统，可以使环境适应生命的生存。洛夫洛克成为世界上有名的“绿色科学家”，被尊称为世界环境科学宗师、当选权威机构评选的全球100大思想家。 　　6 　　旺加里·马塔伊 　　非洲的“绿色斗士” 　　1977年，环境保护活动家旺加里·马塔伊在肯尼亚创建了环保组织——绿带运动，在此后30多年间，这个组织在非洲种下了3000多万棵树，在维护农村生态环境的同时，为近10000名非洲妇女提供了工作机会。2004年，她获得了诺贝尔和平奖。这位 　　非洲“绿色斗士”曾因为环保行动数次入狱。马塔伊如今是肯尼亚政府的环境部长。 　　7 　　查尔斯王储 　　绿色皇室成员 　　英国王储查尔斯对有机食品等环保话题的关注最终令他赢得了无数的支持者，并令有机食品这个话题进入公众视野。去年，查尔斯还就气候变化问题发表讲话，称这是人类所面对的最大的挑战。 　　8 　　威廉·摩里斯 　　英国工匠、设计师、作家 　　英国工匠、设计师、作家威廉·摩里斯（1834年～1896年）是英国美术工艺运动最重要的代表人物。他对环保运动的贡献在于他率先预测了不加遏制的工业化所造成的环境问题。 　　9 　　阿尔·戈尔 　　美国前副总统 　　戈尔2000年竞选美国总统失败 　　后，开始展开环球旅行，向世界各国政府和民众宣讲他的环保政策。今年5月底，戈尔投资拍摄的纪录片《一个艰难的真相》上映。 　　10 　　格罗·哈莱姆·布伦特兰 　　世卫组织前任总干事 　　1981年，医学博士出身的格罗·哈莱姆·布伦特兰出任挪威首相，成为挪威历史上第一位女首相。1984年她被联合国秘书长任命为联合国环境与发展委员会主席。在此后的1986年～1997年间，她又三度担任首相。1998 年到2003年间，布伦特兰夫人出任世界卫生组织总干事。

11 Richard Sandbrook, Campaigner The biologist and accountant, who died last year aged 59, had a profound influence on the green movement and the world of international development. He helped to set up Friends of the Earth UK, the Eden project and Forum for the Future. At the International Institute for Environment and Development he was instrumental in bringing together the poverty and environment agendas. 12 Amory Lovins, US energy guru Top green thinker who launched Friends of the Earth in Britain and founded the Rocky Mountain Institute, a technology thinktank that develops blueprints for low-energy devices such as the "hypercar". He says soft technologies can cut energy use by three-quarters. 13 Vandana Shiva, Campaigner Physicist and ecologist, founding director of the Research Foundation for Science, Technology and Ecology in India and a leader in the International Forum on Globalisation. She has had a vast impact on a range of issues from forest conservation to GM crops,from world trade policy to organic farming. 14 Ansel Adams, Wilderness photographer Well known for his photographs of the mountain ranges, deserts, rivers and skies of the US, Adams was a passionate lover of the outdoors and an active conservationist. He commented: "My approach to photography is based on my belief in the vigour and values of the world of nature - in the aspects of grandeur and of the minutiae all about us." 15 Fritjof Capra, Austrian physicist An Austrian doctor of theoretical physics, based in California, he combines an interest in eastern mysticism with a fascination for what makes the planet tick. His most recent book, Hidden Systems: A Science for Sustainable Living, argues the need for a natural rather than a technical toolkit to tackle the impending global crisis. 16 Aldo Leopold, US ecologist Widely acknowledged as the founder of wildlife management as a discipline and profession, he was one of the greatest US ecologists. His writings on conservation and the value of the wild to civilisation are highly regarded. The most famous, A Sand County Almanac, inspired many to follow in his footsteps. 17 Chico Mendez, Brazilian anti-logger activist A Brazilian rubber tapper, unionist and environmental activist who fought to stop logging in the Amazon rainforest for cattle ranching. He was murdered by ranchers opposed to his activism. 18 David Bellamy, TV botanist A formidable campaigner for green causes, including saving a Tasmanian rainforest from flooding by a dam project. In recent years his reputation has been tarnished by public statements sceptical of climate change. Fierce hater of wind farms. 19 Joseph Bazalgette, Victorian engineer The architect of central London's sewer system who saved the city from the cholera epidemics that had ravaged it in the early 19th century. 20 John James Audubon, US naturalist and artist Born in 1785, his seminal work, Birds of America, a collection of 435 life-sized prints, is still a standard by which modern day bird artists are measured. While living on the family estate near Philadelphia he conducted the first known bird-banding experiment in North America by tying strings around the legs of Eastern Phoebes. 21 Sir Peter Scott, conservationist 22 Tim Smit, record producer turned gardener 23 George Monbiot, author and Guardian columnist 24 Michael Meacher, former Labour environment minister 25 Ken Livingstone, mayor of London 26 Tony Juniper, campaigner 27 John Muir, conservationist 28 Kirkpatrick Macmillan, bicycle inventor 29 Arnold Schwarzenegger, bodybuilder turned actor turned US politician 30 John Ruskin, Victorian critic 31 David Bower, Friends of the Earth founder 32 Jim Hansen, Nasa scientist 33 Thomas Malthus, economist 34 Percival Potts, public health pioneer 35 David Suzuki, ecologist and television presenter 36 Max Nicholson, ornithologist 37 Mayer Hillman, climate change expert 38 Octavia Hill, open spaces campaigner 39 Dai Qing, Chinese anti-dam campaigner 40 Paul Johnson, Greenpeace scientist 41 Paul de Jongh, Dutch author 42 Dionisio Ribeiro Filho, Brazilian environmentalist 43 Andrew Lees, campaigner 44 Mike Hands, tropical ecologist 45 Petra Kelly, German green politician 46 John Dower, national parks visionary 47 St Francis of Assisi, patron saint of animals and ecology 48 Jane Goodall, primatologist 49 Henry David Thoreau, author 50 Sunita Narain, Indian campaigner 51 Lester Brown, green policy expert 52 G K Chesterton, author 53 Swampy, roads protester 54 Sir John Banham, green industrialist 55 The people of Bougainville, eco-revolutionaries 56 Caroline Lucas, green party MEP 57 Teddy Goldsmith, Ecologist magazine founder 58 George Waterson, former RSPB director 59 Gerald Durrell, author and zoologist 60 Mark Mayer, journalist 61 Marion Shoard, writer and broadcaster 62 Nan Fairbrother, author 63 George Baker, urban conservationist 64 Dame Miriam Rothschild, scientist 65 Charlene Spretnak, US author and activist 66 Richard St Barbe Baker, forester 67 Graham Wynne, RSPB chief executive 68 Conrad Waddington, animal geneticist 69 Rudolph Bahro, author 70 Nick Hildyard, campaigner 71 Christopher Lloyd, wildlife gardener 72 Jane Jacobs, Canadian writer and activist 73 Robert Heilbronner, economist 74 Michael Braungart and Bill McDonagh, co-founders of green chemicals firm MBDC 75 Karl Henrik Robert, Swedish cancer researcher 76 Sue Clifford, campaigner 77 Colin Ward, anarchist and writer 78 Stephen Jay Gould, evolutionary scientist 79 Paul Ekins, green policy expert 80 Paul Brown, journalist 81 Mahatma Gandhi, Indian leader 82 John Stewart, roads campaigner 83 Rosamund Kidman Cox, journalist 84 Bob Flowerdew, green gardener 85 Lord John Browne, BP boss 86 Colin Tudge, author 87 Charles Darwin, naturalist 88 Tony Bradshaw, urban ecologist 89 Dalai Lama, spiritual leader 90 Herman Daly, author 91 Tom and Barbara from the Good Life, TV eco warriors 92 Siddartha Gautama Buddha, spiritual leader 93 Ted Green, trees and fungi expert 94 Alfred Wallace, naturalist and rival of 87 95 Samuel Taylor Coleridge, romantic poet 96 Margot Wallstrom, EU politician 97 Dale Vince, green energy pioneer 98 Joe Strummer, former Clash frontman turned carbon offset pioneer 99 Jamie Oliver, television chef 100 Father Christmas, carbon-free delivery